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THE CONCEPT OF FAIR HEARING AND EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES IN NIGERIA HIGHER INSTITUTIONS

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THE CONCEPT OF FAIR HEARING AND EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES IN NIGERIA HIGHER INSTITUTIONS

Authors

Djoma Victor Ovuakporoye, Obani Izuchukwu Precious

Published

Abstract

Fairness in examinations is a central ethical principle that sustains trust in educational systems and ensures that learners are assessed equitably on the basis of merit. Examination malpractices, however, undermine this principle by distorting assessment outcomes and eroding integrity in both education and society. Such malpractices include impersonation, leakage of questions, bribery, collusion, and the misuse of technology. This paper examines the concept of fairness and the persistence of examination malpractices in Nigerian tertiary institutions, with attention to their ethical, human rights, and developmental implications. The study adopts a critical analytic and descriptive method, drawing on relevant literature, policy documents, and case examples from Nigerian higher institutions to interrogate the underlying causes of examination malpractices and their impact on academic integrity. The paper finds that weak institutional frameworks, poor value orientation, inadequate supervision, and the misuse of digital technologies have deepened the problem, threatening fair assessment, promoting corruption, and undermining students’ learning outcomes. It further observes that although technological tools such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and e-proctoring can help to curb malpractice, they require ethical deployment and human accountability. The paper concludes that fostering fairness in examinations requires a combination of value-driven education, transparent policies, accountability among stakeholders, and appropriate technological innovations. Strengthening fairness in assessment is therefore essential for building trust in educational qualifications, promoting integrity, and advancing sustainable development in contemporary society.

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Evaluating the Success of Circular Economy Models in Reducing Waste: Evidence from Europe…

Chinwe Sheila Nwachukwu, Izuchukwu Precious Obani, Zino Izu…

The circular economy (CE) model has emerged as a transformative strategy for reducing waste, promoting resource efficiency, and mitigating environmental degradation. Unlike the traditional linear economy, which follows a �take-make-dispose� approach, the circular economy emphasizes waste prevention, material reuse, recycling, and sustainable production. This study evaluates the success of circular economy models in Europe and China, two global leaders in adopting and implementing CE frameworks, to assess their effectiveness in waste reduction and resource management. Europe has taken a policy-driven approach, with comprehensive regulations such as the EU Circular Economy Action Plan and the Waste Framework Directive, which have led to significant improvements in recycling rates, landfill reduction, and eco-innovation in product design. The EU�s Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) schemes and strict waste management regulations have also played a crucial role in reducing industrial and municipal waste, while fostering the development of sustainable business models. On the other hand, China�s circular economy strategy is heavily influenced by industrial symbiosis and large-scale waste-to-resource initiatives, driven by policies such as the Circular Economy Promotion Law and Made in China 2025. China has focused on scaling up circular industrial parks, urban mining, and electronic waste (e-waste) recycling, demonstrating a unique approach that integrates economic development with environmental sustainability. Despite these successes, both Europe and China face persistent challenges in fully realizing circular economy goals. Policy enforcement gaps, economic barriers, and industry adaptation hurdles continue to pose obstacles, while issues related to consumer participation, supply chain integration, and technological advancements remain critical factors influencing long-term success. Additionally, the effectiveness of CE policies varies between different sectors and regions, highlighting the need for localized strategies and adaptive frameworks. This study underscores the necessity of multistakeholder collaboration, involving governments, businesses, and consumers, to enhance circular economy performance. It also highlights key lessons for other nations aiming to transition toward a zero-waste, resource-efficient future. By integrating circular economy principles into global sustainability efforts, CE models can play a pivotal role in reducing environmental impact, conserving natural resources, and fostering long-term economic resilience. Strengthening global partnerships, investing in innovative technologies, and enhancing regulatory frameworks will be essential for maximizing the potential of circular economy models in achieving a truly sustainable and waste-free world.

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IMPACT OF JAPA SYNDROME ON THE HEALTH SECTOR IN NIGERIA

Djoma Victor Ovuakporoye, Obani Izuchukwu Precious

The "Japa Syndrome," characterized by the mass migration of Nigerian professionals seeking better opportunities abroad, has significantly affected the country's health sector. This exodus of skilled health workers is driven by factors such as poor remuneration, inadequate infrastructure, etc leaving a vacuum that strains an already fragile system. The problem to be addressed in this paper is the severe impact of the "Japa Syndrome" on Nigeria’s health sector, which has resulted in a critical shortage of skilled healthcare professionals. Qualitative method was employed. In terms of technique, a systematic review process was utilized to identify and analyze relevant literature this study. Findings reveal a critical shortage of qualified personnel, increased workload for remaining staff, and declining quality of healthcare services etc. The study recommends policy reforms that include improved remuneration, enhanced working conditions, and investment in health infrastructure to retain skilled professionals and mitigate the adverse effects of migration. The contribution to knowledge include empiric332 framework for policy intervention, insight into workforce burnout and mental health and enhanced understanding of economic implications.

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The Role of Environmental Governance in Combating Climate Change: Analyzing COP28…

Izuchukwu Precious Obani, Zino Izu Obani, Prof Frank Chudi…

Environmental governance is a fundamental pillar in the global fight against climate change, serving as the framework through which policies, regulations, and international agreements are developed, implemented, and enforced. The 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) represented a critical juncture in international climate negotiations, bringing together world leaders, policymakers, scientists, and stakeholders to forge new commitments aimed at accelerating climate action. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the key agreements reached during COP28, examining their scope, feasibility, and projected impact on global efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions and enhance climate resilience. A key focus of this study is the effectiveness of COP28 agreements in addressing long-standing challenges in climate governance, such as financial commitments for developing nations, technology transfer, emission reduction targets, and the operationalization of the Loss and Damage Fund. By comparing these agreements with previous climate accords, such as the Paris Agreement and the Glasgow Climate Pact, this research evaluates the extent to which COP28 has advanced global climate action and whether its implementation mechanisms are robust enough to ensure meaningful progress. Additionally, this paper explores the role of various stakeholders�including national governments, intergovernmental organizations, the private sector, and civil society�in enforcing and monitoring climate commitments. The analysis highlights the critical role of international cooperation, financial mechanisms, and innovative technologies in overcoming obstacles to implementation. Furthermore, this study assesses the political, economic, and social factors that may influence the success or failure of COP28 resolutions, emphasizing the importance of accountability and transparency in environmental governance. The findings reveal both opportunities and challenges in translating COP28 commitments into actionable strategies that yield tangible results. While the conference has provided a renewed impetus for climate action, significant hurdles remain in aligning national policies with global objectives, securing adequate funding, and ensuring equitable climate adaptation measures. This research contributes to the broader discourse on environmental governance by offering insights into the evolving landscape of climate diplomacy, the practical implications of COP28 decisions, and the future trajectory of international climate policy. It underscores the urgent need for sustained multilateral cooperation, stronger regulatory frameworks, and a paradigm shift toward sustainable development to achieve long-term climate goals.

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